Teil I: Zu einigen Grundproblemen der Nahrungsmittelbestrahlung

In den vergangenen 10 bis 15 Jahren wurden in vielen Ländern umfangreiche wisseschaftlice und technische Forschungsarbeiten auf dem Gebiet der Haltbarkeitsverlängerung von Nahrungsmitteln durch Einwirkung ionisierender Strahlung begonnen. Waren es zunächst nur wenige Industrieländer (USA, UdSSR, England, Frankreich), in denen diese Problematik mit beträchtlichem Aufwand bearbeitet wurde, so schlossen sich ihnen nach dem Vorliegen erster positiver Forschungsergebnisse und aussichtsreicher ökonomischer Abschätzungen—etwa um 1960—eine Vielzahl weiterer Industrie- und Entwicklungsländer an. Inzwischen haben die Publikationen über die verschiedensten Aspekte und Bereiche der Nahrungsmittelbestrahlung einen kaum noch zu übersehenden Umfang angenommen. Aus diesem Grunde ist es schon heute nicht mehr möglich, im Rahmen einer Zeitschrift einen vollständigen Überblick über das Gesamtgebiet zu geben.     

Process Analytical Chemistry: Applications of Ultraviolet/Visible Spectrometry in Environmental Analysis: An Overview

Abstract

Process analyzers based on the selective absorption of the ultraviolet (UV) and/or visible (VIS) radiation provide an on-line monitoring highly reliable of the composition and the industrial process control.

This review provides information about the technological advances in this area and its industrial applications, especially environmental applications.     

Die Strahlensterilisation medizinischer Artikel I

Für die industrielle Nutzung von Kernstrahlungen'sind vor allem zwei grundlegende Arten der Wechselwirkung zwischen Materie und Strahlung von Interesse: Einmal die Wirkung der Materie auf die Strahlung und zum anderen die Einwirkung der Strahlung auf die Materie [1].     

Finite Element Analyses in Surface Water and Groundwater: An Overview of Investigations at the U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station

This paper highlights the finite element hydrodynamic and transport modeling developments being conducted by the U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station (WES) and its partnering organizations. The WES developments in support of surface water, groundwater, and watershed management are presented. A particular facet of these developments, the creation of integrated, comprehensive modeling systems which greatly increase the productive use of WES hydroenvironmental models, is discussed. Future development directions, including the use of scalable high performance computing resources, are also provided.     

基于新工科内涵的环境化学课程建设*

为了提高环境类人才实践与创新能力,重构了符合新工科理念的环境化学“素养、能力、知识”一体化课程目标;基于科研反哺课程内容增补了新工科元素“环境计算化学——化学品构效关系;基于线上线下混合式构建了“三三三”教学模式,进行了多元化过程考核方式探索,教学设计强化了学生的能力培养与价值塑造。课程建设实践表明,学生的学习获得感与其课堂参与度呈现正相关,基于身边老师的科研反哺和前沿拓展,更能激发学生的应用挑战兴趣,促进提升实践能力和创新能力。环境化学课程实现了全方位新工科内涵式建设,以期为环境工程专业的新工科升级改造提供借鉴。     

验证“牺牲阳极法”的教学实验改进*

根据化学学科核心素养下对化学实验的要求,对人教版教材中“验证牺牲阳极法”实验提出一种改进实验方案。采用被隔成2个区域的废弃饭盒作反应容器,采用镁条作阳极金属,可以实现反应进行与结束的可控化、对照效果的可视化和操作的简便化。该套改进实验装置既适用于演示实验,也适用于学生分组实验对牺牲阳极法的应用效果进行探究,进而掌握科学探究的方法。     

Sorptive extraction of pesticides from food and environmental samples using metal organic framework-based adsorbents

Sorptive pre-concentration of pesticide residues in food and environmental samples is increasingly gaining momentum. This can be attributed to fact that most sorptive extraction techniques are solvent-free as well as the availability of emerging sorbents with relatively high adsorption capacities. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are among the emerging sorbents that have captured the interests of many researchers during pesticide analysis. There are many types of MOFs that have been used by researchers to pre-concentrate pesticides in food and environmental samples. Some researchers have successfully used MIL-based MOFs during sorptive extraction of pesticides in complex matrices. This review gives a detailed discussion of their application during pesticide pre-concentration. Other researchers have used the ZIF series of MOFs for the sorptive pre-concentration of pesticides in food and environmental samples. The utilisation of the ZIF series of MOFs during pesticide pre-concentration is well-articulated in this review. The review also devoted to the application of UiO and HKUST series of MOFs during the pre-concentration of pesticides in food and environmental samples. In addition, the challenges associated with the use of MOFs during sorptive pre-concentration of pesticides are also discussed in this review.     

An Overview of Biosensors Based on Glutathione Transferases and for the Detection of Glutathione

Glutathione transferases are enzymes involved in the detoxification against xenobiotics and noxious compounds. These enzymes catalyse a variety of reactions on many physiological and xenobiotic compounds using glutathione as a co-substrate. Moreover, many compounds are inhibitors of such enzymes. A wide array of biosensors based on glutathione transferases have been developed for analysing a variety of noxious compounds, as well as several biosensors devoted to the detection and quantification of glutathione and of glutathione transferases themselves. Here, we review the state of the art in this active field of research, highlighting the possible applications of such devices.     

Solid-phase extraction of personal care products using mixed-ligand metal–organic framework combined with spectrophotometric determination

The adsorption of personal care products (diclofenac sodium and chlorhexidine digluconate) on a mixed-ligand metal–organic framework based on a complex of nickel terephthalate with 2,2'-bipyridine was investigated by solid-phase extraction in combination with spectrophotometric analysis.     

Simultaneous extraction and determination of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in river water and sewage by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

This study features the simultaneous extraction and quantification of 18 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). This is a pioneering method for the quantification of acetaminophen, sulfamethoxazole, diclofenac, atenolol, metoprolol, diethyltoluamide and oxybenzone in atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation mode. The method was validated for high repeatability and reproducibility with relative standard deviations less than 10%. Instrument quantification limits for PPCPs were within the range of 0.05–1.0 µg L^?1, and the method quantification limits (MQLs) for ultrapure water were within the range of 0.3–15 ng L^?1. All samples were extracted using Oasis© hydrophilic–lipophilic balanced cartridges with optimised sample size and extraction conditions. Good accuracy was demonstrated, with solid-phase extraction recoveries above 80% for most PPCPs. In environmental matrices, the MQLs for river water, sewage treatment plant (STP) effluent and STP influent were 4–25, 10–153 and 38–386.5, respectively. The method was successfully applied to investigate occurrences of persistent PPCPs in Malaysian river and sewage samples.